In early May 2025, India launched “Operation Sindoor,” a calculated military operation targeting terrorist infrastructure in Pakistan and Pakistan-administered Kashmir. This action was in direct response to the tragic Pahalgam attack on April 22, where 26 civilians, predominantly tourists, lost their lives in Indian-administered Kashmir. The Resistance Front, an offshoot of Lashkar-e-Taiba, claimed responsibility for this heinous act.
The Genesis of Operation Sindoor
The operation commenced on May 7, 2025, with the Indian Armed Forces executing 14 precision strikes over a 23-minute window. Utilizing Rafale fighter jets equipped with SCALP cruise missiles and AASM Hammer bombs, India targeted nine locations identified as terrorist strongholds, including Bahawalpur and Muridke—known hubs for Jaish-e-Mohammed and Lashkar-e-Taiba, respectively . The operation’s name, “Sindoor,” symbolizes the vermilion mark worn by married Hindu women, reflecting the loss of husbands in the Pahalgam attack.
Key Outcomes and Casualties
- Neutralization of High-Profile Terrorists: Among those eliminated was Abdul Rauf Azhar, a senior Jaish-e-Mohammed commander and brother of Masood Azhar. Azhar was implicated in several terror activities, including the 1999 IC-814 hijacking and the 2002 murder of journalist Daniel Pearl.
- Terrorist Casualties: Indian Defense Minister Rajnath Singh reported the elimination of over 100 terrorists during the operation.
- Civilian Impact: Pakistan reported 31 civilian deaths, including women and children, as a result of the strikes. India maintains that the operation targeted only terrorist infrastructure, not civilian areas.
Pakistan’s Retaliation and Claims
In response, Pakistan launched air and drone strikes across several Indian cities, including Amritsar. The Indian Air Force’s deployment of the S-400 missile defense system, known as Sudarshan Chakra, reportedly intercepted over 80% of these threats.
Pakistan claimed to have shot down five Indian fighter jets—three Rafales, one MiG-29, and one Su-30—using Chinese-made J-10C jets. Additionally, they reported the downing of 77 Israeli-made Harop drones sent by India . India has not confirmed these losses.
Escalation and Civilian Displacement
The conflict intensified with Pakistan’s reported attack on Jammu airport in Indian-controlled Kashmir, causing panic and blackouts in the region. India responded by downing a Pakistani F-16 and two JF-17 jets. Both nations have engaged in heavy artillery shelling along the Line of Control, leading to civilian casualties and displacements.
International Reactions and Diplomatic Efforts
The international community has expressed deep concern over the escalating conflict. The United States, European Union, and Gulf States have urged both nations to exercise restraint and engage in dialogue. Saudi Arabia, in particular, has offered to mediate, given its strong economic ties with both countries.
India has suspended the Indus Waters Treaty and visa services for Pakistani nationals, signaling a significant diplomatic shift. Prime Minister Narendra Modi canceled his planned trip to Europe to address the situation domestically.
Conclusion
Operation Sindoor marks a significant moment in India-Pakistan relations, showcasing India’s resolve to combat terrorism emanating from across the border. While the operation achieved its immediate objectives, the ensuing escalation underscores the fragile nature of peace in the region. The international community’s role in facilitating dialogue and de-escalation is more crucial than ever to prevent further loss of life and maintain regional stability.
